In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the default employment relationship is one of “at-will” employment. This means that either the employer or the employee can terminate the relationship at any time, for any reason that is not prohibited by law. For example, an employer can dismiss an employee without warning or cause, as long as the dismissal isn’t based on illegal discrimination or retaliation. Similarly, an employee can resign without notice or penalty. This principle provides considerable flexibility for both parties in the employment arrangement.
This doctrine has its roots in common law and is widely practiced across the United States. While offering flexibility, it’s balanced by state and federal laws protecting employees from wrongful termination based on discriminatory grounds like race, religion, gender, age, or disability. Additionally, public policy exceptions prevent termination for reasons such as whistleblowing or filing a workers’ compensation claim. Understanding this foundational principle is crucial for both employers and employees navigating the Pennsylvania job market. It shapes expectations and informs decision-making related to hiring, firing, and overall workplace dynamics.